Yangwang was a short-lived but influential state in Korean history that existed from 1276 to 1359. It was established by General Yi Seong-gye, who would later become King Taejo of Joseon Dynasty, after he was forced out of the Goryeo Kingdom due to his failure to capture the Mongol-led forces that had invaded Korea.
The name "Yangwang" literally means "Two Kings". This refers to the fact that General Yi Seong-gye declared himself a king while still recognizing the legitimacy of the Goryeo King, Wonjong. However, the latter's reign was more or less nominal, as he was forced into hiding by the Mongol invaders.
During its existence, Yangwang played an important role in Korean resistance against the Mongols. General Yi Seong-gye and his forces continued to fight against the invading army, using guerrilla tactics to weaken their enemy before launching a final attack on Seoul. Despite facing significant odds and being outnumbered, Yangwang was able to secure several victories against the Mongols.
One of the notable accomplishments of Yangwang was its successful resistance against the attempts by Kublai Khan's forces to capture the city of Kaesong in 1282. General Yi Seong-gye led a small but well-trained force that managed to repel multiple attacks by the Mongol army, ultimately forcing them to retreat.
However, despite their bravery and determination, Yangwang was eventually forced to surrender in 1356 when General Yi was captured by the Ming Dynasty forces sent from China. After his release from prison in 1359, he returned to Goryeo and founded the Joseon Dynasty, marking the beginning of a new era in Korean history.
Yangwang's legacy extends beyond its military achievements. It served as an important catalyst for the eventual overthrow of the Mongol Empire in Korea and the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty, which would rule the country for nearly 500 years.
